Updated: September 24 2013
What Is It?Phenylpiracetam ((RS)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide) is a nootropic and a phenylated derivative of piracetam. It is sold as a prescription medicine in Russia under the brand names Phenotropil and Carphedon. It is not sold in the Western world. It may be up to 30-60 times more potent than piracetam. [1] Phenylpiracetam is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (Olympics).
Sources of Phenylpiracetam
It is a synthetic drug.
Pharmacology
1. Bioavailability: ~100 % bioavailability with oral route
2. Half-life: short half-life (3-5h)
3. Mechanism of action: according to animal studies, it acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine agonist, significantly increases the density of NMDA receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, GABA-A receptors and D1, D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, and it has adrenergic effects. [7,8,9]
What Does Research (Human Studies) Say?
1. Small increase in cognition; this is seen in persons with cognitive decline, organic brain lesions, and epilepsy; there are no studies in healthy people. [2,3,4]
2. Significant decreases rate of cognitive decline. [5]
3. Small increase in the rate of stroke recovery (cognitive and physical symptoms) and increase in physical function and activities of daily living after stroke. [2]
4. Small decrease in anxiety and depression after stroke. [5]
5. No/non-significant effect on fatigue. [6]
Conclusion
There is limited evidence of efficiency in healthy people.
Verdict: May be added to your supplement stackRecommended Dosage (Used in the Studies)
1. 100-200 mg / 2-3 times per day (totally 200-600mg).
2. There is no optimal dosage
Where Can You Buy This Supplement?
Amazon.com; Russia!
Side Effects of This Supplement
1. Headache, nausea, irritability and gastrointestinal problems, insomnia
2. Can be avoided by reducing dosage or adjusting the time of administration
References
1. Piracetam and Piracetam-Like Drugs
2. Efficacy of phenotropil in the rehabilitation of stroke patients
3. Phenotropil in the treatment of vascular encephalopathy
4. The efficacy of phenotropil in the complex treatment of epilepsy
5. The phenotropil treatment of the consequences of brain organic lesions
6. Use of phenotropil in the treatment of asthenic syndrome and autonomic disturbances in the acute period of mild cranial brain trauma
7. Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders.
8. The effects of scopolamine and the nootropic drug phenotropil on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors during testing of the conditioned passive avoidance task
9. Pharmacological characteristics of a new phenyl analog of piracetam--4-phenylpiracetam.
6. Use of phenotropil in the treatment of asthenic syndrome and autonomic disturbances in the acute period of mild cranial brain trauma
7. Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders.
8. The effects of scopolamine and the nootropic drug phenotropil on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors during testing of the conditioned passive avoidance task
9. Pharmacological characteristics of a new phenyl analog of piracetam--4-phenylpiracetam.
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